Internet Service Provider

The Internet Revolution Suddenly it seems that the Internet is everywhere. After two decades of darkness in the government and research network, the Internet burst upon in the 1990s to penetrate the public consciousness, capturing guidelines and attracting millions of users around the world. Every indication points to even faster growth in the 21st century.

The explosive growth of the Internet is a revolutionary phenomenon in computing and telecommunications. The Internet is the largest and most important network of networks today. It evolved into a global information superhighway. The Internet is constantly expanding, while businesses, organizations, users, computers, and networks are joining the global web largely. Millions of business, educational, and research networks connect to trillions of computer systems and users in more than 200 countries to each other. The Internet is a platform for extensive information, entertainment services, and business applications, which includes enterprise collaboration and electronic commerce systems.

A research and development network, ARPANET, evolved the Internet. It was established in 1969 by the U.S. Defense Department to enable corporate, academic, and government researchers to communicate with e-mails and share data and computing resources. The Net does not have a central computer system or telecommunications center. Alternatively, each sent mail has a unique address code attached to it so that any Internet server in the network can forward it to the destination. The Internet does not have a governing body. In Virginia, the Internet Society is a volunteer group of individual and corporate members who promote the use of the Internet and the development of new communications standards. These common standards are the key to the free flow of messages among the widely different computers and networks of the many organizations and Internet service providers (ISPs) in the system. The Internet is growing rapidly. As an example, in the year 2000, there were 70 million host computers. It rose to 110 million host computers in the early 2001.

INTERNET APPLICATIONS

The most popular Internet applications involve E-mails; browsing the World Wide Web, and participating in newsgroups and chat rooms. E-mail messages via Internet can be received in a fraction of seconds anywhere in the world.

They can be in the form of data, text, fax, and video files. Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Explorer are popular Internet browsers. They allow millions of users to surf the World Wide Web and the multimedia information resources stored on the hyper linked pages of businesses, government, and other websites. Websites offer information and entertainment. They are the launch sites for electronic commerce transactions between businesses and their suppliers and customers.

The Internet provides electronic discussion forums and bulletin board systems. They are formed and managed by thousands of special-interest newsgroups. You can involve yourself in discussions or post messages on a number of topics for other users with the same interests to read and respond to. Other popular applications comprise downloading software and information files; accessing databases provided by thousands of business, government, and other organizations. You can conduct online research for information on the websites in various ways, with the help of search sites and search engines such as Yahoo!; Google, and Fast Search.

INTERNET NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY

Open systems with unrestricted connectivity, are today’s primary telecommunications technology drivers. They use Internet networking technologies as a platform. Web browsers, Web page editors, Internet servers, intranet servers, network management software, Internet working products, and network security firewalls are a few examples. These technologies are used in Internet, intranet, and extranet, especially for electronic commerce and collaboration. This trend reinforced previous industry and technical moves toward building client-server networks based on open systems architecture.

Open systems are those information systems that are based on common standards for hardware, software, applications, and networking. Open systems that include Internet, corporate intranets and extranets, build a computing environment that is open to easy access by end users and their networked computer systems. Open systems provide greater connectivity. Any open systems architecture also provides a high degree of network interoperability. Open systems carry out different applications of end users with the help of computer systems, software packages, and databases provided by a variety of interconnected networks. Middleware is used to help diverse systems work together.

Telecommunications is being revolutionized by the rapid change from analog to digital network technologies. Telecommunication systems have always depended on voice-oriented analog transmission systems designed to transmit the variable electrical frequencies generated by the sound waves of the human voice. Alternatively, local and global telecommunication networks switch to digital transmission technologies that transmit information in the form of discrete pulses, as computers do. This provides: a) Significantly higher transmission speeds b) The movement of larger amounts of information c) Greater economy d) Lower error rates than analog systems Digital technologies allow telecommunication networks to keep working on multiple types of communications on the same circuits.

Another major trend in telecommunications technology is a change from reliance on copper wire-based media and land-based microwave relay systems to fiber-optic lines and cellular, PCS, communications satellite, and other wireless technologies. Fibre-optic transmission, which uses pulses of laser-generated light, offers significant advantages such as small size, installation effort, communication capacity, transmission speed, and freedom from electrical interference. Satellite transmission offers immense advantages to the organizations that send out huge quantities of data, audio, and video over global networks, especially to isolated areas.

INTERNET TERMINALS

Computer terminals are undergoing a major conversion to networked computer devices. Dumb terminals, which are keyboard/video monitor devices with limited processing capabilities, are being replaced by intelligent terminals, which are modified networked PCs, network computers, or other thin clients. Other items are network terminals that depend on network servers for Windows software, processing power, and Internet terminals. Internet terminals depend on the Internet and intranet website servers to get operating systems and application software.

Intelligent terminals can perform data entry and information processing tasks independently. It involves the extensive usage of transaction terminals in banks, retail stores, factories, and other work sites. Examples are automated teller machines (ATMs), factory production recorders, and retail point-of-sale (POS) terminals. The intelligent terminals use keypads, touch scenes and other input methods to capture data and interact with end users during a transaction. At the same time, they depend on servers or other computers in the network for further transaction processing.

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